Shitennoji Temple is one of the oldest officially established Buddhist temples in Japan, founded in 593 by Prince Shotoku. Built to honor the Four Heavenly Kings, guardian deities believed to protect the nation, the temple represents the early introduction of Buddhism to Japan. Its central complex follows one of the oldest known temple layouts in the country, reflecting classical Buddhist architectural design from the Asuka period. Despite being rebuilt several times due to fires and conflicts, Shitennoji preserves its original spatial arrangement and spiritual significance. Visitors can explore the central buildings and the serene Pure Land Garden, inspired by Buddhist visions of the Western Paradise. Located in Osaka, the temple offers insight into how Buddhism became deeply rooted in Japanese society and state formation.

Isshinji Temple is a unique and historically significant Buddhist temple in Osaka with nearly 900 years of history. While its strikingly modern main gate surprises many visitors, the temple is most famous for its extraordinary “Bone Buddhas” (Kotsubotoke). These statues are created from the cremated ashes of deceased worshippers, a practice that began in the 19th century and continues today. More than two million people’s remains have been respectfully enshrined in this way, reflecting a deeply personal and communal expression of urban faith. Isshinji stands as a powerful example of how Buddhist tradition adapted to the needs of modern city life while maintaining spiritual continuity across generations.