This UNESCO World Heritage site is a complex of rock-cut churches and monasteries dating back to the Byzantine period. The museum includes some of the best-preserved rock-cut churches and frescoes in Cappadocia.

The fairy chimneys are the most famous and iconic feature of Cappadocia. These cone-shaped rock formations are formed by erosion and are a unique natural wonder. Visitors can see the fairy chimneys at various locations in Cappadocia, and some tours include a visit to the Pasabag Valley and the Devrent Valley.

Lying in south central Turkey, the moonscaped region of Cappadocia, southeast of Ankara, is most famous for unique geological features called fairy chimneys. The large, cone-like formations were created over time by erosion of the relatively soft volcanic ash around them. Past cultures have dug into them to create dwellings, castles (like Uchisar) and even entire underground cities like Kaymakli and Derinkuyu, used as hiding places by early Christians. Nearby Kayseri is the gateway to the area.

Underground Cities: Cappadocia is home to several underground cities, which were carved out of the soft volcanic rock by ancient people as a place of refuge. Visitors can explore the underground cities and learn about the history and lifestyle of the ancient inhabitants.

A photo stop at Pigeon Valley is a popular part of Cappadocia sightseeing tours, and a typical itinerary might also include Uchisar Castle, Pasabag, Avanos, or the Göreme Open Air Museum. Tours heading south to Derinkuyu Underground City or to Ilhara Valley also stop at Pigeon Valley. Travelers can also hike the 2.8-mile (4-kilometer) trail between Göreme and Uçhisar; the trail passes through Pigeon Valley and affords spectacular views of the fairy chimneys.